Информация и советы - японский глагол, спряжение

In Japanese the base form of a verb given is the present informal form, which normally ends in -u. Examples:

• 食たべる “eat”
• 行いく “go”
• 渡わたす “cross”

• 踊おどらせる “make dance” – from 踊おどる “dance”
• 書かかなかった “did not write” – from 書かく “write”
• 読よめました “was able to read” (polite) – from 読よむ “read”

Japanese verbs inflect for two tenses: present, and past. The present tense normally ends in -u and can have a present or future meaning. The past tense ends in 〜た or 〜だFor example:

• 出でる “exit” (or “will exit”)
• 出でた “exited”
• 泳およぐ “swim” (or “will swim”)
• 泳およいだ “swam”

• 出でて “exit” (-te form)
• 泳およいで “swim” (-te form)

Most verb forms can appear in either positive (“to do…”) or negative (“to not do…”) forms. For example:

• 食たべる “eat” (present positive)
• 食たべない “not eat” (present negative)
• 食たべた “ate” (past positive)
• 食たべなかった “did not eat” (past negative)

Japanese verbs can be inflected in potential (“to be able to…”), causative (“to make…”), and passive (“to be done…”) forms. For example, the verb 飲のむ “drink” becomes:

• 飲のめる “to be able to drink”
• 飲のませる “to make drink”
• 飲のまれる “to be drunk (of a beverage)”

The imperative mood is used in Japanese to give commands, while the volitional is used to express suggestions or intent:

• 飲のめ “drink!” (imperative)
• 飲のもう “let’s drink” (volitional)

• 飲のめば “if (someone) drinks/drank” (-eba form)
• 飲のんだら “if (someone) drinks/drank” (-tara form)